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a single origin of replication (autonomous replicating sequence [ARS]), and is maintained in more than 30 copies per cell.
A YAC vector mimics a chromosome because it has a sequence that acts as an origin of DNA replication (ARS), a yeast centromere sequence to ensure that during cell division each daughter cell receives a copy of the YAC, and telomere sequences that are present at both ends after linearization of the YAC DNA for stability (Fig. 3.27).
The YAC plasmid (pYAC) has an E. coli selectable marker (Ampr) gene; an origin of replication that functions in E. coli (oriE); and yeast DNA sequences, including URA3, CEN, TRP1, and ARS.
CEN provides centromere function, ARS is a yeast autonomous replicating sequence that is equivalent to a yeast origin of replication, URA3 is a functional gene of the uracil biosynthesis pathway, and TRP1 is a functional gene of the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway.
The basic vector contains a multiple cloning site (MCS) for insertion of selected modules containing appropriate sequences for chromosomal integration (rDNA module), replication (ARS module), selection (Se lection module), and expression (Expression module) of a target gene in a variety of yeast host cells (Table 3.12 shows examples of interchangeable modules).
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